Which term refers to supporting a statement or claim with appropriate evidence?

The term that best refers to supporting a statement or claim with appropriate evidence is "Document." This term implies the action of providing written or recorded proof to substantiate an assertion, thereby lending credibility and weight to the argument being made. Documentation can involve citing sources, presenting research findings, or including data that reinforces the main point.

The other terms, while they have their own specific meanings within the context of academic writing and analysis, do not specifically convey the act of providing evidence. "Evaluate" is about assessing or appraising something critically; "Discriminate" involves distinguishing between different elements; and "Discuss" focuses on presenting various perspectives or arguments. They do not center around the concept of substantiating a claim with evidence in the same way that "Document" does.