Which cognitive action is primarily focused on showing how items differ?

The cognitive action that is primarily focused on showing how items differ is "contrast." This term specifically refers to identifying the differences between two or more items or concepts. When you contrast, you examine distinct features or characteristics that set the items apart, allowing for a clear understanding of how they are not alike.

In contrast, the cognitive action of "compare" involves looking at both similarities and differences between items, which does not align with a focus solely on differences. "Construct" refers to the creation of new ideas or frameworks, while "critique" involves analyzing and evaluating the quality or effectiveness of something. Thus, the emphasis on differences aligns most closely with the concept of contrasting.