Which action involves determining the relevance and validity of information presented?

The action that involves determining the relevance and validity of information presented is aligned with the term "judge." To judge means to assess or evaluate the quality, relevance, and validity of information. This process requires critical thinking to discern whether the data or arguments presented are sound, applicable to the situation at hand, and trustworthy. By judging information, one can form a reasoned opinion or conclusion based on the evidence available.

In contrast, other terms like "justify" focus more on providing reasons for a viewpoint or action, rather than assessing the information itself. "Extrapolate" involves making predictions or extending conclusions based on existing data rather than evaluating its quality. "Identify" simply means recognizing or pointing out elements without necessarily assessing their relevance or validity. Thus, "judge" captures the essence of evaluating information effectively.