What process involves calculating or determining an answer using mathematical methods?

The process of calculating or determining an answer through mathematical methods is known as calculation. This term specifically refers to the act of performing mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, to arrive at a precise answer. It emphasizes the use of numbers and formulas in a systematic way to obtain results.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of understanding and working with information. Application involves using knowledge or skills in a practical situation, estimation involves making an approximate judgment about a quantity, and analysis entails breaking down complex information into smaller parts to better understand it. While these processes may involve some mathematical components, they do not specifically denote the act of calculating as succinctly as the term calculation does.