What is the process of deriving conclusions from evidence and reasoning rather than explicit statements?

The process of deriving conclusions from evidence and reasoning, rather than relying on explicit statements, is best encapsulated by the term "infer." Inference involves using given information, including hints or implied facts, to reach conclusions that are not directly stated. This cognitive skill is critical in analysis and interpretation, as it allows one to read between the lines and draw insights based on the context and available evidence.

In contrast, the other options refer to different cognitive processes. Justifying means providing reasons or evidence to support a claim, which is distinct from inferring. Identifying involves recognizing or stating specific information or concepts without the deeper context of drawing conclusions. Extrapolation refers to extending known data to predict or estimate unknown values but does not specifically focus on deriving conclusions from reasoning and evidence like inference does.